نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 11، بهار و تابستان 1393)

Fifteen healthy adult male dogs were divided into 3 groups: vitamin C (Vit C), glycerol formal (GF), and curcumin (Cur). Fifteen days after right nephrectomy, the left kidney vessels were exposed. Vit C (100mg/kg), GF and Cur (10mg/kg) were administered intravenously Ten minutes before ischemia. Clamps were removed After 45 minutes of ischemia and the animals were euthanized 48 hours thereafter. The kidney was removed immediately and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and thiol (-SH) levels were determined. Histopathological examinations were also performed. Percentage of tubular necrosis in group Vit C, GF and Cur was 7.12±1.86, 8.35±2.26 and 4.62±2.28 respectively. There was no significant difference in tubular necrosis (P≤0.05). Urinary casts in GF group was significantly more than other groups (P≤0.05). Tissue CAT activity and MDA levels was significantly further in Vit C and GF group respectively (P≤0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in tissue Thiol levels between three groups (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the administration of curcumin has limited protective effects on main renal ischemia- reperfusion injury.

Various chemical substances are used as anesthetic agents in fish farms and researches. In the current study clinical anesthesia procedure with ketamine hydrochloride and propofol as two anesthetics was assessed by immersion technique in Capoeta damascina. For this purpose, 10 fish with a weight-range of 100-200 grams were obtained from a commercial fish farm and divided in two groups. Ketaminehydrochloride at a 100mg/l and propofol at a 10mg/l concentration were examined. Anesthesia onset, duration and recovery time were recorded separately for each group. According to obtained results it revealed that anesthesia onset time of propofol was significantly (p<0.05) shorter than ketaminehydrochloride. Also, anesthesia duration time with propofol in comparison with ketaminehydrochloride was significantly (p<0.05) longer. In this study anesthesia with ketaminehydrochloride by floating fish in a tank containing anesthetic agent solution was evaluated for the first time. As already mentioned, dose of consumed ketaminehydrochloride to induce anesthesia in fish was 10 times further in comparison with propofol. However, its onset effect is sluggish and its duration effect is shorter. Applying propofol toward ketaminehydrochloride in performing anesthesia led to rapid induction, longer duration and more prolonged effect in immersion method. Considering these, ketamine hydrochloride doesn’t basically recommend to induce anesthesia; because it’s neither economic nor able to perform longer anesthesia. In this study the effects of propofol and ketaminehydrochloride to induce anesthesia in Capoetadamascinawere clinically assessed and drugs effects on liver enzymes or respiratory rate, heart rate and fish body temperature were not investigated.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of diets enriched with two sources of essential fatty acids including n-3 or n-6 fatty acids on performance and glucose metabolism of primiparous and multiparous transition cows. Four weeks before anticipated calving date, 20 multiparous and 12 primiparous cows were blocked by parity and randomly allotted to two diets based on n-3 or n-6 fatty acids. Feed intake and serum glucose concentration were greater in cows fed diets enriched with n-3 fatty acids than n-6 fatty acids (P < 0.05), at pre- and postpartum periods. Multiparous, but not primiparous, cows supplemented with n-3 fatty acids had greater DMI (as percentage of BW) and milk lactose concentration, improved energy balance and lower beta-hydroxybutyrate (P < 0.05) than cows fed n-6 enriched diets. Results of glucose tolerance test showed that area under the curve of glucose following glucose infusion was lower for multiparous cows fed n-3 enriched diets compared to those fed n-6 enriched diet (P = 0.01), but this response was not observed in primiparous cows. In conclusion, supplementation of n-3 fatty acids in transition period increased DM and energy intakes and shifted this energy toward inhibiting body reserves mobilization, possibly due to improved insulin responsiveness in response to feeding n-3 enriched diets, especially in multiparous cows.

To investigate the effect of dietary garlic powder (Allium sativum) on broiler performance, intestinal morphology and serum antibody titer against Newcastle and Influenza Vaccine (H9N2), 180 one day old Ross chicks were purchased and randomly divided into four equal groups(each group contain 45 chickens in 3 replicates). Group 1 as control group received basal diet, groups 2, 3 and 4 received diet supplemented with 0.2%, 0.6% and 1% garlic powder, respectively. Chicks were raised on floor-pen under standard conditions until day 42 of age. At days 14, 28 and 42 of age, Chickens were weighed, feed intake was calculated and FCR was measured. Blood samples were taken via wing vein from ten birds of each group on days 14, 28 and 42. The sera were assayed for antibody against NDV and AIV by HI (4 HA unit) test and then 6 chicks of each group were randomly selected and samples from Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum were collected for morphometric analysis. The findings of this study showed that growth factors of broilers (feed intake, body weight and FCR) and antibody titer against Newcastle and Influenza Vaccine were not markedly influenced by garlic. In addition, increasing dietary garlic in lower level (0.2% and 0.6%) had not significant effect on intestinal morphology parameters but higher level (1%) of garlic in ration had adverse effect on villous height and lamina properia thickness.

The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between the calving time related to the some maternal, fetal and environmental factors such as: age of dam, number of parity, pregnancy duration, calf sex and live weight, rate of still birth, retention of fetal membrane (RFM) and finally the effect of birth of season in Holstein dairy cows. During a 4 years study, the time of 2135 single calving were evaluated. The maternity section was stress free in the herd. The time of parturition stratified into 2 groups, 1-day time from 6 AM to 6 PM and 2-night time from 6 PM to 6 AM. The above factors mentioned were evaluated. Results were analyzed using Chi-square statistical method.It was showed that 54% and 46% cows calved during the day and night time, respectively. One hour period from 08.00-09.00 had the highest deliveries with 119 birth, and at 23.00 had the minimum parturition with 62 births. The rate of RFM during the night and day time was 55% and 45%, respectively (P<0.05). Most (70%) of the still births were occurred during the night (P<0.05). Autumn with 688 calving (32%) and spring with 392 births (18%) had the highest and lowest rate, respectively.With preparing silent and stress free environment in calving time, the negative aspects of birth can be reduced and most of the calving will be occurred during the day time.

Bovine mastitis is the most costly disease affecting dairy cattle breeding as it occurs very frequently and reduces milk production. Streptococci are frequently isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy cows. The present investigation was carried out to determine some phenotypic characteristics of the environmental streptococci species isolated from bovine sub clinical mastitis cases in dairy farms of Shahrekord district in west of Iran. 180 CMT positive milk samples were bacteriologicaly studied. A total of 61 environmental streptococci isolated, S. dysgalactiae (43 isolates), S. uberis (10 isolates) and E. faecalis (8 isolates) were the prevalent identified species. Production of biofilms was 86%, 90% and 37.5% for S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis and E. faecalis respectively. 7 isolates of S. dysgalactiae (16.3%) were positive in DNAase test. Only 37.5% of S. dysgalactiae and 25% of E. faecalis strains were susceptible to kanamycin. For streptomycin, the sensitivity of all species was less than 16%.

Genetic selection procedures applied to improve broiler performance may negatively impact the subsequent reproductive efficiency of breeders, particularly in males. Identification of traits that reliably indicate individual male fertility would facilitate selection for reproduction. Fertility decline in primary broiler breeder strains is likely attributable to individual males in the flock with extreme subfertility. This differential fertility among males may reduce productivity for the broiler breeder industry. Male broiler breeders must be physiologically and behaviourally mature to successfully elicit the female sexual response and copulate. Fertility problems, particularly those associated with Cornish-derived lines, may result from a physical inability to successfully copulate or from the absence of sexual behaviour. For study of male shank lengths effects on production performances, in a Broiler Breeder farm, males were divided into three groups based on their shank lengths. Fertility and hatchability data’s gathered during next 15 weeks production period (Ages37-51). Data analysis showed that fertility and hatchability of roosters with short shank length were lower than other two groups.

Trichomonas Gallinae, a flagellated parasite of animals vertebrates, is exclusively found in birds and there mostly in the pigeons and doves. Other birds may also become infected. This study carried out for investigation of trichomonase contamination of 110 pigeon in ardakan city of yazd province. In this examination the samples were gathered from mouth and larynx of those pigeons by soap and then, were inspected via wet spread slide method. Our results show that, among 110 birds, 75 pigeon means 68.18% were contaminated with tricomonase. The pigeons over than 3 years old were found the least contamination. Contamination in hot season (71%) was higher than cold one (64.58%). On the other hand, the female birds have been shown more contamination than males. Finally the result shows that trichomonase contamination has high spread in ardakan city and the contemporary decreases by increasing the birds’ age that may be considered in the future researches.

Zingiber is root of Zingiber officinale.It is used as powder, extract, tablet, etc in treatment of different diseases.The consumption overload of each drug can manifest many side effects, so it is necessary to know the safe dose of Zingiber powder as other drugs to decrease its probably side effects.Kidney, Liver and Pancreasis are important organs and their health is considered as a very important factor.The zingiber powder was administrated at the doses 45, 65 and 100 mg/kg to 70 Wistar adult male rats for two periods (14 days and 28 days). The blood sampling was done and the activities of AST, ALT, amylase and urea, serum creatinine and total billirubin concentration were measured by standard methods. The results of this study show that there are significant differences between the mean concentration of AST in experimental groups B2 and B3 (received 65 and 100 mg/kg of zingiber powder for 28 days) in comparision with control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between other parameters in experimental groups compared with control group (P>0.05).These results concluded that even at the dose 100 mg/kg after 28 days, the usage of zingiber powder doesn,t demonstrate any side effects.